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The Cunning God: Loki’s similarities with Mairon

 

Again, this post includes personal and fannish interpretations on the characters.

 

Mairon, like Loki, has many names. He is known as Gorthaur, Annatar, the Necromancer, and of course, Sauron. His original name Mairon means the Admirable One, either because of his good looks or his excellent skills in crafting and making. In Prose Edda, Loki is also described as pleasing and handsome in appearance. His cunning nature and an ability to create tricks for every purpose are also noted. Both Mairon and Loki are clever beings who offer their help to others – for a variety of motives. Both of them are willing and able to construct an elaborate plot to get what they want.

 

Early in the history of Arda, Mairon left the home of the Ainur and joined forces with Melkor who had already become the enemy of the Valar. Loki stayed in Asgard longer and only during Ragnarök he joined the opposing forces. Mairon becomes the lieutenant of Melkor and fights for him in many wars of Middle-earth, whereas Loki takes fire giant Surtr’s side during Ragnarök and leads the army of jötunn (giants), monsters and the dead into battle.

 

Mairon doesn’t want to destroy Middle-earth, though. He wants to shape it according to his own ideas. Loki, too, enjoys wandering in Midgard, the realm of humans in Norse mythology, and in many tales, he helps its inhabitants to thrive. Only after a series of ill events he joins the destructive forces.

 

Both Mairon and Loki are often pictured as a good-looking male with flaming red hair, linked to the element fire. Loki’s transformational aspect is connected to a flame of a candle, or fire in a hearth. Mairon is linked to the creative fire of a forge.

 

Mairon and Loki are known shapeshifters; they can change their appearance at will or become different animals. Mairon is known to become a (were)wolf and a bat. Loki in lore has taken the shape of a fly, salmon, and a mare for example. Usually they both use shape-shifting as a means to an end. Mairon is able to fly as a bat. Loki can fly with his sky-walker shoes or by borrowing Freyja’s hawk-feather cloak. In the end, both of them lose their shape-shifting abilities. Mairon loses this ability partially after the fall of Númenor and totally after losing the One Ring. Loki is not able to transform himself anymore when the Æsir capture him and bind him underground.

 

Loki is not hesitant to change his gender or to use seduction as his weapon to achieve the wanted result. He happily dresses as a bridesmaid and plays the role 100% if the task needs it. As a mare, Loki seduces a magical stallion in order to prevent a disaster in Asgard. As a result of this short affair, Loki becomes pregnant and gives birth to an eight-legged horse Sleipnir. It is hinted that this is not even the only time he gives birth. Mairon in fanon is also heavily genderfluid. There are fan fics where Mairon becomes pregnant and gives birth to a child with uncommon traits.

 

Both Mairon and Loki are described as sexually attractive and often using seduction. Loki is said to have slept with everyone in Asgard. In fanon, Mairon is most often shipped with Melkor or Celebrimbor, but also with various others, and seduction is often present at some point in his relationships.

 

Loki is a father of three monstrous children with his jötunn lover Angrboda. One of these is a giant wolf Fenrir. In the First Age, Mairon lived on an island called Tol-in-Gaurhoth, the Isle of Werewolves where he bred werewolves for his army. Sauron’s messenger Thuringwethil (“woman of secret shadow”) who lives there reminds somewhat of Fenrir’s half-corpse sister Hel.

 

Loki is skilled in crafting; he is said to be the creator of the fishing net – a crucial invention in ancient times. His trademark is creating solutions to problems (which he may or may not have caused himself). He can also enhance the creativity of others. Spiritually he is often connected with creative fire. Many of the most valuable tools and weapons of the Æsir are courtesy of Loki. Loki’s interaction with the Svartálfar, the best smiths of the nine worlds, leads to the manufacture of those treasures – with some deception from Loki’s part. The Æsir are very happy with the end result, anyway, and Loki deserves a byname “Bringer of Gifts”.

 

Mairon, too, is extremely skilled in crafting and making. He’s connected to the forge fire. He used the name Annatar, “Lord of Gifts” while living with the Elven-smiths of Eregion and enforcing their creativity, inspiring them to create the Rings of Power – with some deception included.

 

As the Lord of the Rings, Mairon has a powerful rival in Gandalf who, like Mairon, is a Maia. Gandalf and Odin (especially in his wanderer aspect) share many characteristics, and Gandalf’s fight to end Sauron’s dominion is not far from Odin’s desperate efforts to prevent Ragnarök where Loki has a major role in the opposing side.

 

At first glance Loki’s trickster aspect is not prominent in Mairon’s character, but I think we can see glimpses of it. Mairon is said to laugh at his own tricks, which is shown especially malevolently during the downfall of Númenor. However, it may be that by the Elf-smith Celebrimbor’s influence Mairon’s trickster traits become apparent. In my personal view, Celebrimbor enhances Mairon’s latent trickster attributes, which is sometimes seen in their fanon portrayals. I can imagine various pranks they must have made together. In Eregion, Mairon could have chosen a different path and evolved into a trickster figure, but sadly, it didn’t go like this in canon. Still, based on Mairon’s other similarities with Loki, I dare to think there is potential for a different story.

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Part 2

The Bound God: Loki’s similarities with Melkor

 

This post includes personal and fannish interpretations on the characters. CW for mentions of violence and torture (as described in their canon/myth – their fates are not nice).

 

In the Silmarillion, Melkor is said to be the mightiest of the Ainur, but his spiritual brother Manwë Súlimo is the one who becomes the High King of Arda. Loki, too, has an influential blood-brother in Odin Allfather, King of the Æsir. Like Manwë Súlimo, Odin is pictured as a ruling figure, sitting on a high seat where he can watch the entire world. Odin’s companions are his two ravens and wolves; while ravens work for Odin, Manwë has his eagles. Interestingly, Odin’s hall is called Valaskjálf. In Tolkien’s legendarium, a Vala mean a being similar to the Æsir in Norse mythology. (On the contrary, Odin’s famous byname Allfather has been given to the creator god Eru Ilúvatar in Tolkien’s legendarium; Ilúvatar means Allfather.) Relationship between Loki and Odin is rather complicated, just like the relationship between Melkor and Manwë. It’s clear that both Manwë and Odin care about their brother, but in the end, both of them end up using their power over their renegade brother, imprisoning them.

 

Already in the beginning, Melkor’s behaviour is very individualistic. Before the creation of the universe, he often wanders alone in void places, seeking the Imperishable Flame. It is said that he had a desire to create things of his own, and he was impatient. During the creation process, which is made by music, he makes music that is not harmonious with others, creating discord.

 

Loki can be seen as a Trickster god who is a boundary-crosser and breaks both physical and societal rules. Also, Melkor, going where no one else goes and disobeying the rules during the Music of Ainur, can be seen as a Trickster figure. Tricksters, like Loki, are often known to create disruptions that cause change. Melkor’s discord is a disruption to Eru’s plans, causing changes in the great plan. Still, it can be said that both Loki and Melkor’s influence is needed to prevent stagnation.

 

Odin gives Loki a place in Asgard, and Manwë allows Melkor to enter Eä. Neither of them is fully trusted, however. In Melkor’s case, he becomes openly antagonistic earlier; Loki stays with the Æsir and helps them (also plays tricks on them) longer before the eventual rift. Melkor continues to cause disruptions in the advanced creation of the world: he meddles in all that is done, and he is said to kindle great fires. In Asgard, Loki’s help is essential in creating protective walls around the place and giving the Æsir their most important weapons. Because of their actions, both Melkor and Loki are sometimes viewed as linked to chaos, although I personally see them rather linked to disruptions and change. But I agree there’s a certain Surtr-like chaos element in Melkor (Surtr is a jötunn connected to flames and chaos).

 

Soon after, Melkor builds his first underground fortress Utumno, and later, Angband. These places are connected with fire and volcanos, and also earthquakes. Many people connect Loki with fire even though there’s actually no mention of this in the Eddic sources. I’m going to return to this connection to transformative fire in the next part where I’ll discuss Mairon and Loki. In the end, when Loki is imprisoned underground, he is causing earthquakes with his movements. Melkor’s presence in a place creates volcanic eruptions.

 

Melkor causes universal destruction by destroying first the Two Lamps (the main source of light in the world), and later, the Two Trees. The destruction Loki causes is more mischievous or opportunistic, but he is also capable of causing a universal crisis, for example with his involvement in the capture of Idunn, the goddess of youth.

 

Like Loki, Melkor appears also as a thief. The theft of the Silmarils is a major event in the Silmarillion. At this time, Melkor is allied with Ungoliant, a monster in spider form. Loki is associated with spiders in shared personal gnosis, and eight-legged creatures in general.

 

One of Loki’s bynames is “Father of Monsters”. Loki is indeed a father of a couple of monstruous beings, and in one Eddic poem it’s said that Loki gave birth to the monsters. Melkor is also surrounded by monstruous beings. He creates Orcs and dragons. Balrogs that serve him might have been different kind of Ainur before Melkor’s influence changed them.

 

One of the famous myths about Loki is Loki’s quarrel where he goes to a feast where all the gods and some elves are celebrating and starts a quarrel by telling uncomfortable truths and basically irritating everyone present. Melkor, while in Valinor, causes unrest by telling lies or half-truths and makes Fëanor quarrel with his brother, causing a family feud.

 

But it’s in the eventual fate of both Melkor and Loki where their similarities are shown in an especially powerful way. In the end, The Æsir capture Loki and take him to an underground cave, bind him on a rock with the entrails of his own son and put a poison-dripping snake over him. There Loki writhes in torment until the end of the world, Ragnarök, when he becomes free and leads a monstruous army in the last battle against the Æsir. Melkor is similarly captured and imprisoned by the Valar and bound with the chain Angainor. His very own crown is made into a collar to bind him, keeping him in a painful position. Loki is cast underground, and Melkor is cast in the Void. But there’s a prophecy that Melkor will return one day and attack Arda, and that will be the last battle of the world.

 

 

-       Next part: The Cunning God: Loki’s similarities with Mairon

 

 

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Part 1

Preface

 

First, I want to mention that this post is not meant to be a scholarly or an academic study on the subject. It should be taken as a fannish writing, and as my personal view about Tolkien’s characterizations and Loki. This is written both as a Silmarillion fan and as a Lokean. The intended audience is someone who is familiar with Tolkien’s legendarium (fellow fans), but not necessarily with Loki or Norse mythology.

 

The main point of this post is to point out some similarities between the character of Loki of Norse mythology and the characters of both Melkor and Mairon (Sauron) in the Silmarillion and in Tolkien’s larger legendarium. I’m also going to discuss about the similarities between the character of Odin of Norse mythology and Tolkienian characters of both Manwë Súlimo and Olórin (Gandalf), especially in the following relationships: Odin and Loki, Manwë Súlimo and Melkor, and Gandalf and Sauron.

 

JRR Tolkien was influenced by Norse sagas and Eddic texts, as well as Anglo-Saxon poetry and Germanic heroic legends. The parallels between Odin and Gandalf have already been studied in both scholarly and non-scholarly texts. I’m certain that JRR Tolkien was familiar with the character of Loki as well.

 

Introducing the main characters:

 

Tolkien’s legendarium

 

Melkor, also known as Morgoth. One of the Ainur, a Vala but not always counted as such. Manwë’s brother. Fought against the Valar, sought dominance in Middle-earth. Was imprisoned by the Valar twice. Will return in the last battle in the end of the world.

 

Mairon, also known as Sauron. Originally a Maia of Aulë, became a Maia of Melkor. Skilled in crafting and making. A shape-shifter. Helped Elves create Rings of Power. Lost his powers in the end.

 

Norse mythology

 

Loki, full name Loki Laufeyjarson. Other names for him include Father of Monsters, the Cunning God, and the Bound God. As many gods of Norse mythology, Loki has parents. His mother is an ásynja (goddess), his father is a jötunn (giant). In Norse mythology, giants are not different in size from the gods, but they are a different kin of supernatural beings who are often (but not always) antagonists of the gods. This parentage (a jötunn father) makes Loki not-quite-god until Odin interferes. He makes Loki his blood-brother and takes him to Asgard, where the Æsir (the main group of the gods) live. In Asgard, Loki both creates problems and helps the gods to solve them. He often operates as a typical Trickster god. His help is almost essential to the gods at first, but gradually, the relationships between the gods and Loki worsens. One reason of this is the problem of Loki’s monstrous children.

Loki is actually both a mother and a father. He’s a shape-shifter and is not limited to one gender either. He is a mother of Odin’s eight-legged horse Sleipnir, as well as a father of two very normal-looking sons with goddess Sigyn: Narvi and Vali. But Loki also has unusual children with a jötunn Angrboda: a giant wolf Fenrir, the World Serpent Jörmungandr, and Hel who became the goddess of the underworld. The fate of these children is connected to the worsening relationships between Loki and the Æsir. His children are bound or driven away because they are seen as signs for upcoming Ragnarök. In the events that follow, Loki’s behaviour towards the gods becomes more antagonistic. He indirectly causes the death of the most beloved god Baldur and causes a big quarrel by telling everyone uncomfortable truths in a party. In the end, Loki is captured and bound underground by the Æsir, but it is said that when Ragnarök (the end of the world) begins, Loki will lead a monstruous army in the battle against the gods.

 

Coming next:

-       The Bound God: Loki’s similarities with Melkor

-       The Cunning God: Loki’s similarities with Mairon

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